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	<title>I&#039;m CaLendarW Blog &#187; software engineering</title>
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	<description>Put the technology in correct places</description>
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		<title>Great software is not built, it is grown</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/06/18/great-software-is-not-built-it-is-grown/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/06/18/great-software-is-not-built-it-is-grown/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 16:01:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[翻譯]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=547</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[作為一個架構師，主要任務是提供了初部結構和安排不段增長和隨著時間而改變的軟件系統，而且幾乎總是在你和利益相關者沒有預見下重做，或者和其他系統溝通。儘管我們是所謂的架構師，我們由建築和工程方面借用了許多隱喻，但偉大的軟件不是建造，而係成長出來的。 唯一最大既避免軟件失敗係軟件規模;由大型系統開始設計幾乎沒有任何好處。然而，在某個時候我們都將受到誘惑而這樣做。除了作為容易附帶的複雜性和慣性，設計大型系統的前期意味著更大的項目，這些項目更有可能失敗，更可能是無法測試，更可能是脆弱的，更可能有不必要的和不使用的部分，更可能是昂貴的，而且更有可能產生不利因素。 因此要抗拒試圖設計一個大型完整的系統，無論是多麼誘人，以“達到或超過”已知的要求和期望的特性。已經是一個宏大的目標，但不一定是一個大的設計。令你同你的系統學習適應環境及不可避免的改變。 如何做到這一點？最佳的途徑係從一開始確保軟件系統可以成長和適應不斷發展。誘導系統成長代表從一個較小的系統運行，做一部分架構既工作 &#8211; 做最簡單而最有可能完成的部份。這初生的的系統將有很多可取的性能和能教育我們了解更多大型系統的架構，或者更糟的一堆架構文件。你更有可能參與了其實現方法。而細小的介面將可更輕鬆地進行測試，因此不容易耦合。這只需要一個較小的團隊，間接降低協調項目的成本。而且其特性將會更容易被觀察，更輕鬆地部署。它會教你和你的團隊在最早的時刻知道什麼做到和什麼做不到。它會告訴你的系統不會容易發展、有可能是堅固、或者係脆弱、又或者有可能被破解。也許最重要的是可以從一開始給予利益相關者一些理解和確實的情況，使他們能夠為整體設計成長。 設計最小的系統，您可以幫助實現它，並讓它朝著宏偉構想。雖然這可能會覺得自己放棄了控制，甚至推卸的責任，最終您的利益相關者將會向你表示感謝。不要混淆循序漸進的辦法與不理要求，可怕的逐步，或建設一個將會扔掉的系統。 ############################################## As an architect you are tasked with providing the initial structure and arrangement of software systems that will grow and change over time, will have be to reworked, will have to talk to other systems, and almost always in ways you and your stakeholders did not foresee. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>作為一個架構師，主要任務是提供了初部結構和安排不段增長和隨著時間而改變的軟件系統，而且幾乎總是在你和利益相關者沒有預見下重做，或者和其他系統溝通。儘管我們是所謂的架構師，我們由建築和工程方面借用了許多隱喻，但偉大的軟件不是建造，而係成長出來的。</p>
<p>唯一最大既避免軟件失敗係軟件規模;由大型系統開始設計幾乎沒有任何好處。然而，在某個時候我們都將受到誘惑而這樣做。除了作為容易附帶的複雜性和慣性，設計大型系統的前期意味著更大的項目，這些項目更有可能失敗，更可能是無法測試，更可能是脆弱的，更可能有不必要的和不使用的部分，更可能是昂貴的，而且更有可能產生不利因素。</p>
<p>因此要抗拒試圖設計一個大型完整的系統，無論是多麼誘人，以“達到或超過”已知的要求和期望的特性。已經是一個宏大的目標，但不一定是一個大的設計。令你同你的系統學習適應環境及不可避免的改變。</p>
<p>如何做到這一點？最佳的途徑係從一開始確保軟件系統可以成長和適應不斷發展。誘導系統成長代表從一個較小的系統運行，做一部分架構既工作 &#8211; 做最簡單而最有可能完成的部份。這初生的的系統將有很多可取的性能和能教育我們了解更多大型系統的架構，或者更糟的一堆架構文件。你更有可能參與了其實現方法。而細小的介面將可更輕鬆地進行測試，因此不容易耦合。這只需要一個較小的團隊，間接降低協調項目的成本。而且其特性將會更容易被觀察，更輕鬆地部署。它會教你和你的團隊在最早的時刻知道什麼做到和什麼做不到。它會告訴你的系統不會容易發展、有可能是堅固、或者係脆弱、又或者有可能被破解。也許最重要的是可以從一開始給予利益相關者一些理解和確實的情況，使他們能夠為整體設計成長。</p>
<p>設計最小的系統，您可以幫助實現它，並讓它朝著宏偉構想。雖然這可能會覺得自己放棄了控制，甚至推卸的責任，最終您的利益相關者將會向你表示感謝。不要混淆循序漸進的辦法與不理要求，可怕的逐步，或建設一個將會扔掉的系統。</p>
<p>##############################################</p>
<blockquote><p>As an architect you are tasked with providing the initial structure and arrangement of software systems that will grow and change over time, will have be to reworked, will have to talk to other systems, and almost always in ways you and your stakeholders did not foresee. Even though we are called architects, and we borrow many metaphors from building and engineering, great software is not built, it is grown.</p>
<p>The single biggest predictor of software failure is size; on reflection there&#8217;s almost no benefit to be had from starting with a large system design. Yet at some point we will all be tempted to do exactly that. As well as being prone to incidental complexity and inertia, designing large systems upfront means larger projects, which are more likely to fail, more likely to be un-testable, more likely to be fragile, more likely to have unneeded and unused parts, more likely to be expensive, and more likely to have a negative political dimension.</p>
<p>Therefore resist trying to design a large complete system to &#8220;meet or exceed&#8221; the known requirements and desired properties, no matter how tempting that might be. Have a grand vision, but not a grand design. Let you and your system learn to adapt as the situation and requirements inevitably change.</p>
<p>How to do this? The best way to ensure a software system can evolve and adapt is to evolve and adapt it from the very outset. Inducing a system to evolve means starting with a small running system, a working subset of the intended architecture &#8211; the simplest thing that could possibly work. This nascent system will have many desirable properties and can teach us much about the architecture that a large system, or worse, a collection of architectural documents never can. You are more likely to have been involved in its implementation. Its lack of surface area will be easier to test and therefore less prone to coupling. It will require a smaller team, which will reduce the cost of coordinating the project. Its properties will be easier to observe. It will be easier to deploy. It will teach you and your team at the earliest possible moment what does and does not work. It will tell you where the system will not evolve easily, where it is likely to crystallize, where it is fragile. Where it might break. Perhaps most important, it will be comprehensible and tangible to its stakeholders from the beginning, allowing them to grow into the overall design as well.</p>
<p>Design the smallest system you can, help deliver it, and let it evolve towards the grand vision. Although this might feel like giving up control, or even shirking your responsibilities, ultimately your stakeholders will thank you for it. Do not confuse an evolutionary approach with throwing requirements out, the dreaded phasing, or building one to throw away.</p></blockquote>
<p>by  Bill de hÓra (edited by RMH Sept. 26, 2008) in <a href="http://97-things.near-time.net/wiki/97-things-every-software-architect-should-know-the-book">97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know</a></p>
<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution 3</a></p>


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		<title>Software Engineering ≠ Computer Science</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/06/15/software-engineering-does-not-equal-computer-science/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/06/15/software-engineering-does-not-equal-computer-science/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2009 16:53:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[前幾日經 CodeProject 入面既 Email Subscription 介紹, 睇左個 Post 講呢個 Topic, 感覺幾好!!~~ 簡單 d 講就似 Pure Math 同 Apply Math 既分別, Computer Science 主要係研究新科技, 但新科技往往都要經過人來善用, Software Engineering 係包括人既活動. 雖然 Engineering 既原則係想個個人跟住同一套次序, 所做既野都應該差唔多, 但因為個個人唔同, 每個人用唔同心態去做同一樣野都會有好大分別, 所以一組人用一種方法獲得成功, 未必能在另一組人用同一個方法成功, 所以只會用一些 &#8220;通常&#8221; 等等既字眼, Methodology 係咁, Architecture 係咁, 所以先會有 Design Pattern, Anti-Pattern 等等不同技巧既出現, 所以科技係要被正確使用才可以為公司帶來利益, 而何謂正確只能基於使用者對科技既認識, 經驗同思維上. 對我黎講, Computer Science 有些似由零變一既過程, 而 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>前幾日經 CodeProject 入面既 Email Subscription 介紹, 睇左個 <a href="http://www.ddj.com/architect/217701907">Post</a> 講呢個 Topic, 感覺幾好!!~~</p>
<p>簡單 d 講就似 Pure Math 同 Apply Math 既分別, Computer Science 主要係研究新科技, 但新科技往往都要經過人來善用, Software Engineering 係包括人既活動.  雖然 Engineering 既原則係想個個人跟住同一套次序, 所做既野都應該差唔多, 但因為個個人唔同, 每個人用唔同心態去做同一樣野都會有好大分別, 所以一組人用一種方法獲得成功, 未必能在另一組人用同一個方法成功, 所以只會用一些 &#8220;通常&#8221; 等等既字眼, Methodology 係咁, Architecture 係咁, 所以先會有 Design Pattern, Anti-Pattern 等等不同技巧既出現, 所以科技係要被正確使用才可以為公司帶來利益, 而何謂正確只能基於使用者對科技既認識, 經驗同思維上.</p>
<p>對我黎講, Computer Science 有些似由零變一既過程, 而 Software Engineering 就係將一變做二, 三, 四, 五等既進步, 而且 Software Engineering 注重既係每個方面都要求質素管理, 咁先有進步, 及可以容易地發現邊個 Process 有問題而提出改善, 但因為人既不同, 質素往往都存在在實行者既身上, 如果實行者跟得唔足, 質素未必一致, 跟得太跟, 效率未必做得好, 始終 agile 所講既 velocity 都要等到組員成熟先會提升到, 因此軟件既優劣在於實行既人對軟件質素認識同堅持.</p>
<p>而自己最低限度既堅持, 只在於 Coding Standard 既使用, 因為對外行人黎講, Naming Convertion 係最簡單可以由表面上睇到既野, 正所謂人靠衣裝, 如果 Source Code 給予人既外觀都不好既話, 使用程度只會慢慢減低, 跟住就唔會再得到重用, 慢慢形成 Anti-Pattern 中既 Lava Flow, 而且 Naming 本身亦係一個好重要既 Topic, 可以增加 Source Code 既可讀性, 因此自己對呢方面好注重.  另外, 自己雖然比較想用 OOD, 但自己亦唔會將所有野變成 OO, 以自己常用真實物件來代入設計軟件既態度上, 現實上有些東西係唔可以用 OO 係解決, 印象中好似係 Study Semantic Web 既過程入面, Rule Base 同某部份 Knowledge Base 既邏輯如果代成 Object 唔一定係好, 用 Routine Base 可能會較好.</p>
<p>Software Developer, 某程度上除左對 Computer Science 要有一定既認識, 亦都好應該對 Software Engineering 有所既認識, 因為自己係寫軟件, 如果質素做得不好, 科技用不得其所既話, 就可能會做成反效果!!</p>


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		<title>Control of Duplication</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/05/22/control-of-duplication/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/05/22/control-of-duplication/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2009 16:20:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[database]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[duplication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=540</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[近期做緊 Application to Database 呢部份, 開始對 Analysis Patterns 一書中既 Knowledge Level 同 Operation Level 多左理解, 除此之外, 仲開始感受既點樣控制重覆!! Duplication, 係 Program 入面係理應避免的, 正如見到重覆既 Code 就應該進行重構一樣, 但在 Database 層面上既管理又可能係另一種講法. 係 Knowledge Level 入面, 儲存既資料應該避免重覆, 因為所做既係最新既資訊, 以最實時既資訊去處理日常既運作, 雖然用既係最新既資訊, 但儲存落 Database 入面就可能要將所有有關既 Value Object 儲存埋, 因為往後既日子如果 Knowledge Level 有所改變, 亦唔應該影響到 Database 入面 Operation Level 完成品既歷史, 方面了解當時既情況, 等同於 Data Mining [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>近期做緊 Application to Database 呢部份, 開始對 <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Analysis-Patterns-Reusable-Addison-Wesley-Technology/dp/0201895420">Analysis Patterns</a> 一書中既 Knowledge Level 同 Operation Level 多左理解, 除此之外, 仲開始感受既點樣控制重覆!! </p>
<p>Duplication, 係 Program 入面係理應避免的, 正如見到重覆既 Code 就應該進行重構一樣, 但在 Database 層面上既管理又可能係另一種講法.  係 Knowledge Level 入面, 儲存既資料應該避免重覆, 因為所做既係最新既資訊, 以最實時既資訊去處理日常既運作, 雖然用既係最新既資訊, 但儲存落 Database 入面就可能要將所有有關既 Value Object 儲存埋, 因為往後既日子如果 Knowledge Level 有所改變, 亦唔應該影響到 Database 入面 Operation Level 完成品既歷史, 方面了解當時既情況, 等同於 Data Mining 一樣, 做既唔係避免重覆, 而係有必要地控制重覆, 呢個就係 Database Design 入面一個重要既地方!!</p>


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		<title>Acceptance Test Driven Development</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/30/acceptance-test-driven-development/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/30/acceptance-test-driven-development/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2009 14:54:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[requirement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[test-driven]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=506</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last night, I went to join the meeting of Agile Hong Kong, the topic is Acceptance Test-Driven Development(ATDD), presented by Steven Mark, which look-like great, user friendly, and example-driven concept to improve the software quality and meet the customer expectation, the different between TDD and ATDD is that the TDD is more focus on unit [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Last night, I went to join the <a href="http://agilehongkong.com/2009/04/19/next-meetup-presentation-fresh-from-qcon-beijing/">meeting</a> of Agile Hong Kong, the topic is Acceptance Test-Driven Development(ATDD), presented by <a href="http://stevenmak.blog124.fc2.com/">Steven Mark</a>, which look-like great, user friendly, and example-driven concept to improve the software quality and meet the customer expectation, the different between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development">TDD</a> and ATDD is that the TDD is more focus on unit testing, test case written by developer and ATDD is focus on the customer example, test case written by user in readable format, one of practice is customer/business analyst provide html &#8220;table&#8221; of example using wiki and let the <a href="http://fit.c2.com/">FIT</a> or <a href="http://www.robotframework.org/">Robot</a> framework read the html &#8220;table&#8221; and provide test result.</p>
<p>ATDD is great, but currently I still need a time to pickup the current unit testing with NUnit, lack of experience and no partnership in agile development is my weakness, and I need more time to train up my experience.  I hope that I have opportunity to apply agile in future although current environment seen doesn&#8217;t permit.</p>
<p>Another good thing in this meeting is meeting with <a href="http://www.rexchung.com/">Rex</a>, who is the Ruby developer and IT company owner, we have similar idea of <a href="http://tinyurl.com/hkitcal">Hong Kong IT Event Calendar</a> before and he did better than me.  Also, in this meeting, free pizza was good, and small gift (should be the score card) was offered.</p>


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		<title>Separation Of Concerns</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/26/separation-of-concerns/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/26/separation-of-concerns/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2009 08:20:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SoC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[精華]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=477</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[係軟件設計方面, 其實主要都想將唔同既 Concern 分開, 以我做開主要有以下幾個: Flow / Business Logic Input (Import Data, Interface for 3rd Party) Output (User Interface, Report) Database Logging Permission 在以上幾個 Concern 上, 而 Logging 同 Permission 呢兩樣野其實應該可以重用, 而且應該可以視為另一個軟件 / Domain Area. Database 使用方面, 因為市面有不同種類既選擇, 而為左可以應用係唔同 Database 上, 好多人都會加上一個 Data Access Layer, 正常既 implement 手法都係 Object Relational Mapping, 在 .net 主要有 LGPL [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>係軟件設計方面, 其實主要都想將唔同既 Concern 分開, 以我做開主要有以下幾個:</p>
<ul>
<li>Flow / Business Logic</li>
<li>Input (Import Data, Interface for 3rd Party)</li>
<li>Output (User Interface, Report)</li>
<li>Database</li>
<li>Logging</li>
<li>Permission</li>
</ul>
<p>在以上幾個 Concern 上, 而 Logging 同 Permission 呢兩樣野其實應該可以重用, 而且應該可以視為另一個軟件 / Domain Area.</p>
<p>Database 使用方面, 因為市面有不同種類既選擇, 而為左可以應用係唔同 Database 上, 好多人都會加上一個 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Access_Object">Data Access Layer</a>, 正常既 implement 手法都係 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping">Object Relational Mapping</a>, 在 .net 主要有 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License">LGPL License</a> 既 <a href="http://nhforge.org/">NHibernate</a>,  Castle Project 既<a href="http://www.castleproject.org/activerecord/index.html ">Active Record</a>, 又或者係 .net 3.5 既 <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb386976.aspx">Linq To SQL</a> 及 <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa697427(VS.80).aspx">Entity Framework</a>, 這些 Module 已經被外國引用成為主流, 因為使用者不用因應不同既 Database 而寫大同小異既 SQL, 避免了因小異而不段尋找問題, 只要學習一套, 其他由 OR Mapper 做便好了.</p>
<p>Logging 方面, Debug Log 其實可以用 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_License">Apache License</a> 既 <a href="http://logging.apache.org/log4net/index.html">log4net</a>, 而 Audit Log 我覺得應該可以視為另一個軟件而寫到一個 Lib 黎比全公司用, 以統一全公司軟件開發基礎.</p>
<p>Permission 方面主要有 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication">Authentication</a> 同 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization">Authorization</a> 兩個部份, 我覺得可以寫得開一個 Lib, 因應唔同需要 (e.g. 用 AD or 自己既 Login Table) 而各自使用同一個 Interface 既唔同 Implementation, 總好過不同 Project 都用緊不同既處理手法.</p>
<p>Input 同 Output 方面其實都幾難重用, 不過都應該可以寫到一 d 相對應既 Lib (e.g. Import/Export Excel, Customize User Control 或者既定的 3rd Party Solution).</p>
<p>Flow 其實係最難重用既部份, 因為應該唔同 Project 都有唔同既 Flow / Business Logic, 而常見既處理手法都會使用 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_design">Object Oriented Design</a>, 而為了保證質素, 外國 (包括 Microsoft) 寫左套測試系統黎令做 Automate Testing, 有早期自己用開既 <a href="http://www.nunit.org/index.php">NUnit</a>, 或者 Visual Studio 2005 打後既 <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms243147(VS.80).aspx">Unit Testing Framework</a>, 當然仲有好多其他既 Implementation, 只不過自己用開 NUnit 而無再留意.</p>
<p>綜合以上不同既 Concern, 其實除左 Flow/Business Logic, Input 同 Output 之外, 其他部份應該都可以重用, 如果每個 Project 都可以重用這些 Module, 寫軟件既時間應該可以集中一點在不能重用既部份而提高用家對軟件質素既評價, 亦可以有時間做 Performance Turning 及 Unit Testing, 使軟件能夠提升質量, 有關點解要 Testing 既資料可以參考舊 <a href="http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/15/why-automate-test/">Post</a>, 而 Performance Testing 其實亦可以靠 Unit Test 黎做監察 (詳見 <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Pragmatic-Unit-Testing-NUnit-2nd/dp/0977616673/">Pragmatic Unit Testing in C# with NUnit</a> 內有關 Performance Testing 一節)</p>
<p>重用既除左可以減少需要 Implement 既時間外, 對新人黎講都會容易跟, 因為套套系統都用緊同一樣野可以減省 Pickup 現有系統既時間.  不過對於重用方面, 公司既軟件管理政策亦同樣重要, 如果個個 Project 都係 Copy 一套出黎用, 那麼發現一個 Bug 就要搵晒全公司既所有 Project 一個個改, 這些處理手法在 <a href="http://www.amazon.com/AntiPatterns-Refactoring-Software-Architectures-Projects/dp/0471197130/">AntiPattern</a> 內亦有提及, 往往做成不良後果.</p>
<p>不過以上既推論都有重要既假設: 一個好既 OO Design 同 Design for Reuse.  如果設計得唔好, 就沒有人會用, 如果不是為重用而設計, 就不能重用.</p>
<p>對我在舊公司管理及維持左 Reusable Lib of Web Module, Data Module 同 Common Module 及不同 Internal Project 年幾時間既我, 加上接近七年前大專開始既軟件開發生涯, 在 OO Design 同 Design for Reuse 都自覺有相當既經驗, 雖然亦有好多不足既地方, 但亦希望跟住呢條路行.  而因未發新公司有現醒啱用既 Lib , 所以自己寫左一些重用到既 Lib, 加上 Project 開始繁忙而盡量希望在 Project 內實行軟件架構, 短期內應該有好多機會提升自己在設計及實行方面既經驗, 希望現實真係可以咁 Ideal 啦.</p>


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		<title>Why Automate Test?</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/15/why-automate-test/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/04/15/why-automate-test/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 15:19:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[c#]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nunit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[test-driven]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[建議]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[精華]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=444</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Test Driven Development, 係以測試來驅動程式既設計, 目的係為了提高軟件既質素. 好多人覺得測試對軟件方面只在於用戶接受測試 (UAT), 因為只要通過 UAT, 公司就可以袋袋平安. 不過, UAT 通常都浪費人手, 而且該次 UAT 只計對於該次既軟件需求, 當需求需要更改, 所有既測試都要人手重頭做過, 浪費人力物力. 自動化軟件測試既好處係可以減省人手及時間, 以及提高軟件既質素及完整度. 以下係一個由 NUnit 提供既自動化測試例子: // 一個 object oriented 既 Account class namespace bank { public class Account { private float balance; public void Deposit(float amount) { balance+=amount; } public void Withdraw(float amount) { balance-=amount; } [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">Test Driven Development</a>, 係以測試來驅動程式既設計, 目的係為了提高軟件既質素.</p>
<p>好多人覺得測試對軟件方面只在於<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_acceptance_testing#User_acceptance_testing">用戶接受測試</a> (UAT), 因為只要通過 UAT, 公司就可以袋袋平安.  不過, UAT 通常都浪費人手, 而且該次 UAT 只計對於該次既軟件需求, 當需求需要更改, 所有既測試都要人手重頭做過, 浪費人力物力.</p>
<p>自動化軟件測試既好處係可以減省人手及時間, 以及提高軟件既質素及完整度.</p>
<p>以下係一個由 <a href="http://www.nunit.org/">NUnit</a> 提供既自動化測試例子:</p>
<pre class="brush: csharp;">
// 一個 object oriented 既 Account class
namespace bank
{
  public class Account
  {
    private float balance;
    public void Deposit(float amount)
    {
      balance+=amount;
    }

    public void Withdraw(float amount)
    {
      balance-=amount;
    }

    public void TransferFunds(Account destination, float amount)
    {
    }

    public float Balance
    {
      get{ return balance;}
    }
  }
}
</pre>
<pre class="brush: csharp;">
namespace bank
{
  using NUnit.Framework;

  [TestFixture]
  public class AccountTest
  {
    // 自動化測試來測試 TransferFunds Method
    [Test]
    public void TransferFunds()
    {
      Account source = new Account();
      source.Deposit(200.00F);
      Account destination = new Account();
      destination.Deposit(150.00F);

      source.TransferFunds(destination, 100.00F);
      Assert.AreEqual(250.00F, destination.Balance);
      Assert.AreEqual(100.00F, source.Balance);
    }
  }
}
</pre>
<p>以上只係其中一個例子用來測試軟件既完成度, 在現實上, Test Case 除左要測驗一般情況外, 仲要測試錯誤情況出來既結果, 保証軟件質素, 所以正常使用既情況係唔會得一個 Test Case 咁少.</p>
<p>要實行 Test Driven Development, 通常要有一個良好既 Object Oriented Design 以及 Design for Test, 如果沒有這兩個設計既技巧, 那測試既質素有可能會受影響.</p>
<p>愈多 Test Case 未必代表軟件的準確率愈高, 正常情況 Test Case 既數量應該多過 Use Case 既數量, 而且會因應不同既考慮點而增加一定的測試數量, 以我所知, 在某些大學既科目中, 有計算要有多少 Test Case 既試題 (因為我都有睇過), 用作驗證是否足夠全面地測試每一行代碼. </p>
<p>在測試失敗時, 有問題既地方除了可能係軟件本身外, 自動化測試部份亦有可能會有錯誤, 錯誤既多少在乎實現 Test Case 既人對軟件測試既知識同經驗所得.</p>
<p>雖然軟件在有測試既環境下推出, 但有時都有可能會在軟件發現有 bug 既情況, 當遇到這個情況下, Programmer / Tester 應該用 Test Case 去模擬問題既環境, 當得出相同既結果後才可以更改軟件, 因為未能模擬出相同環境下更改軟件, 失敗後亦未知是軟件問題定 Test Case 問題, 所以 Programmer 應該先更改 Test Case 後才更改軟件, 而更改軟件途中, Programmer 亦可透過測試來避免 side effect 出現, 所以不段發現問題環境才能提高軟件既完整性, 以及提高軟件人員對軟件既信心.</p>
<p>測試, 除了要滿足軟件既完整性, 亦要滿足不段改變既需求, 世界變, 軟件同測試不變就只會不進則退, 所以為新既需求而更改軟件及擴充其功能既環境下, 自動化測試係必須的.</p>
<p>一年前我工作既地方, 因為無自動化測試, 軟件無 Design for Test, 要用到硬件 及 3rd Party 提供既模擬程式下, 人手測試既時間應該超過一個月, 除了測試一個月既時間外, 測試既人手通常都要兩至三人, 而且大部份都係重複既輸入工作, 以及已改幾句 code 而重做半小時既測試結果既慘況下, 自動化測試變成我寫軟件生活既其中一個有興趣深入研究既地方.</p>


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		<title>97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/03/29/97-things-every-software-architect-should-know/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2009/03/29/97-things-every-software-architect-should-know/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2009 05:08:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[architecture]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=409</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[近期睇緊 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know 既 post, 入面有好多被公認 Software Architect 要知既事情, 我想如果要做到專業既話, 入面每一樣野都應該深入了解下!!! 除此之外, 仲有 Other Things Software Architect Should Know, 部份只有標題, 不過都理解到那些標題要深入研究的話係有難道的. Subscribe to the comments for this post? Share this on del.icio.us Digg this! Post this on Diigo Post on Google Buzz Add this to Mister Wong Share this on [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>近期睇緊 <a href="http://97-things.near-time.net/wiki/97-things-every-software-architect-should-know-the-book">97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know</a> 既 post, 入面有好多被公認 Software Architect 要知既事情, 我想如果要做到專業既話, 入面每一樣野都應該深入了解下!!!</p>
<p>除此之外, 仲有 <a href="http://97-things.near-time.net/wiki/other-things-software-architects-should-know">Other Things Software Architect Should Know</a>, 部份只有標題, 不過都理解到那些標題要深入研究的話係有難道的.</p>


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		<title>Why Open Source?</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/11/17/why-open-source/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/11/17/why-open-source/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 15:15:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open source]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=287</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[前排同朋友傾, 佢話曾經有做銀行既 client 質疑 Open Source 既 Security, 怕寫果個人係 Cracker, 因而唔安全, 所以唔 prefer 用 Open Source. 我覺得個 Client 完全唔合邏輯, 係正常情況下, 比起相信一個人 (唔理係咪自己公司既人), 我會相信由唔同國家既 developer 共同參與, 觀察, 開發, 試驗過既 Open Source 安全 d, 我覺得就算係自己公司既人, 都有可能會係一個 Cracker, 而因為 Open Source 有多人參與, Crack 唔出樣. 用 Open Source 既原因, 主要係集眾人既力量來提高軟件質素, 如果有 bug, 只要 1 個人 debug 就可以解決, 提高了可重用性, 亦可以提高軟件既完整性. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>前排同朋友傾, 佢話曾經有做銀行既 client 質疑 Open Source 既 Security, 怕寫果個人係 Cracker, 因而唔安全, 所以唔 prefer 用 Open Source.  我覺得個 Client 完全唔合邏輯, 係正常情況下, 比起相信一個人 (唔理係咪自己公司既人), 我會相信由唔同國家既 developer 共同參與, 觀察, 開發, 試驗過既 Open Source 安全 d, 我覺得就算係自己公司既人, 都有可能會係一個 Cracker, 而因為 Open Source 有多人參與, Crack 唔出樣.</p>
<p>用 Open Source 既原因, 主要係集眾人既力量來提高軟件質素, 如果有 bug, 只要 1 個人 debug 就可以解決, 提高了可重用性, 亦可以提高軟件既完整性.</p>
<p>而減低成本方面, 我相信都有一定效果, 當然市場上有人已經提過, 請識用 Open Source 既人其實佢既人工都會高左, 但對公司黎講應該可以減低成本.</p>
<p>使用方面, 其實大多都係得幾類, 一係工具, 而且可以應用在不同領域; 一係已標準化程序, 就功能更加完善.  所以使用 Open Source 係利多於弊.</p>


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		<title>Domain Distilled</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/09/27/domain-distilled/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/09/27/domain-distilled/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2008 07:57:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domain-driven]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=232</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[DDD Charpter 15 講述 Distilled Domain, 入面既野有大部份都以前讀果科 Outsourcing 既理念差唔多, 都係講 Core Competence. Core Competence 係指企業核心能力, 亦都係企業不可代替既競爭力, 等同於 Sony 既電子細小化技術, Mac 既圖象技術一樣, 每間公司能夠待續成長就要有一個 Core Competence!! 而 Distilled Domain 就係個 Core, 經多次程式員同 Domain Expert 討論及詳細理解過後既精華所在, 但如果一個 Core Domain 得不到質量管理, 最後都係發揮唔到佢競爭優勢. Domain-Driven, 因為要解決既問題多數係 Domain Problem, 所以如果 Software Developer 未能理解該 Domain, 其實對軟件既質素長遠都有影響. 而當一個不良既設計存在於一個運行緊既系統內, 作為 Software Developer 係咪真係可以說服到管理層 (通常係 Project [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.anobii.com/books/Domain-Driven_Design/9780321125217/00f4690a1f3fb7b511/">DDD</a> Charpter 15 講述 Distilled Domain, 入面既野有大部份都以前讀果科 Outsourcing 既理念差唔多, 都係講 Core Competence.</p>
<p>Core Competence 係指企業核心能力, 亦都係企業不可代替既競爭力, 等同於 Sony 既電子細小化技術, Mac 既圖象技術一樣, 每間公司能夠待續成長就要有一個 Core Competence!!  而 Distilled Domain 就係個 Core, 經多次程式員同 Domain Expert 討論及詳細理解過後既精華所在, 但如果一個 Core Domain 得不到質量管理, 最後都係發揮唔到佢競爭優勢.</p>
<p>Domain-Driven, 因為要解決既問題多數係 Domain Problem, 所以如果 Software Developer 未能理解該 Domain, 其實對軟件既質素長遠都有影響.  而當一個不良既設計存在於一個運行緊既系統內, 作為 Software Developer 係咪真係可以說服到管理層 (通常係 Project Manager) 去追求質素而去面對一個有可能存在既風險呢?</p>
<p>因為自己對軟件設計有追求及自己不段既進步, 面對住以前寫過既部份質素無咁好既設計(或者係 Code)因為已經運行當中而無法提高品質, 可以做既就係在一個新既系統未設計之前, 盡量去理解 Domain Problem 同 Business Needs 而去做一個精練既設計, 加上軟件架構同良好既編程習慣, 令跟隨者能易於管理及因需要而重構, 自己又能隨著經驗增加而設計出更高質素既 Domain 及周邊工具, 咁先可以有較地提高生產力.</p>
<p>一個好既 Domain Design 亦都好需要一個良好既 Utility 支持, 等同於 Core Competence 入面, 除左 Core 之外, Non-Core 但 Essential 係避免 Outsource 一樣, Utility 亦十分重要, 亦需要得到內部廣泛使用及質量管理 (e.g. Test-Driven Design), 不會抄襲而注重重用, 咁先可以真真正正提高效率, 質素及生產力, 呢幾個理念亦係我對軟件設計既堅持.</p>


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		<title>Programming with Domain-Driven Concept</title>
		<link>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/09/24/programming-with-domain-driven-concept/</link>
		<comments>http://wongkalun.idv.hk/2008/09/24/programming-with-domain-driven-concept/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 15:31:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>calendarw</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domain-driven]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wongkalun.idv.hk/?p=221</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[之前買果本 Domain-Driven Design 都睇到第 15 章, 基本既理念大致上有: Factory Repository Specification Domain Model with Aggregation 而宜家寫既 Code 大部份都會跟呢個方向做, 雖然有時都無寫 Factory 黎生產 Object, 但自己就將 Repository Inherent DAO, 咁加埋 Spring.net 既 NHibernate Template 就可以更快地寫好一個 Program, 而 Validation 呢部份就用 Specification 黎做, 配合埋 Shared Kernel 就可以支援唔同既 Bounded Context. Subscribe to the comments for this post? Share this on del.icio.us Digg [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>之前買果本 Domain-Driven Design 都睇到第 15 章, 基本既理念大致上有:</p>
<ul> Factory<br />
Repository<br />
Specification<br />
Domain Model with Aggregation</ul>
<p>而宜家寫既 Code 大部份都會跟呢個方向做, 雖然有時都無寫 Factory 黎生產 Object, 但自己就將 Repository Inherent DAO, 咁加埋 Spring.net 既 NHibernate Template 就可以更快地寫好一個 Program, 而 Validation 呢部份就用 Specification 黎做, 配合埋 Shared Kernel 就可以支援唔同既 Bounded Context.</p>


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